Test Id : ISNP

For more information see Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnostic Algorithm

Targeted testing for familial variants (also called site-specific or known mutations testing) is available for the genes on this panel. See FMTT / Familial Variant, Targeted Testing, Varies. To obtain more information about this testing option, call 800-533-1710.

Customization of this panel and single gene analysis for any gene present on this panel are available. For more information see CGPH / Custom Gene Panel, Hereditary, Next-Generation Sequencing, Varies.

Specimen preferred to arrive within 96 hours of collection.

Patient Preparation: A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. For instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant, call 800-533-1710.

Specimen Type: Whole blood

Container/Tube: Lavender top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)

Acceptable: Any anticoagulant

Specimen Volume: 3 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Invert several times to mix blood.

2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated

Additional Information: To ensure minimum volume and concentration of DNA is met, the preferred volume of blood must be submitted. Testing may be canceled if DNA requirements are inadequate.

• Informed Consent for Genetic Testing
• Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnostic Algorithm
• Molecular Genetics: Neurology Patient Information
• Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Spanish)
• Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for Inherited Sensory Neuropathy Gene Panel

1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file.

The following documents are available:

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (Spanish) (T826)

2. Molecular Genetics: Neurology Patient Information

3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Neurology Specialty Testing Client Test Request (T732) with the specimen.

1 mL

Establishing a molecular diagnosis for patients with hereditary sensory (HSN) and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN)

Identifying variants within genes known to be associated with HSN and HSAN, allowing for predictive testing of at-risk family members

This test utilizes next-generation sequencing to detect single nucleotide and copy number variants in 23 genes associated with hereditary sensory neuropathy: AIFM1, ATL1, ATL3, CLCF1, CLTCL1, COX20, CRLF1, DNMT1, DST, ELP1, GLA, KIF1A, NGF, NTRK1, PRDM12, PRKCG, RETREG1, SCN10A, SCN11A, SCN9A, SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and WNK1. For more information see Method Description and Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for Inherited Sensory Neuropathy Gene Panel.

Identification of a disease-causing variant may assist with diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management, recurrence risk assessment, familial screening, and genetic counseling for hereditary sensory neuropathy.

For more information see Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnostic Algorithm

The hereditary sensory and autotomic neuropathies (HSAN), or hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN) if autonomic dysfunction is absent, are one of the major categories of inherited peripheral neuropathies. They predominantly feature slowly progressive loss of multimodal sensation and autonomic dysfunction. The HSAN have a range of phenotypes from pure sensory involvement through phenotypes with levels of motor involvement and minor autonomic disturbances, to almost pure autonomic neuropathies. The most common features of HSAN include the loss of sensation of pain and temperature.

HSAN are subdivided into types 1 through 5 based on age of onset, inheritance pattern, and clinical features. HSAN type 1 follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with juvenile through adult onset. Clinically this group is variable but can include severe sensory loss and autonomic dysfunction. HSAN type 2 follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern with onset in infancy or early childhood. This group is predominantly a sensory neuropathy with distal numbness and progressive loss of pain, temperature, and touch sensation. Motor involvement is not common in patients with HSAN type II. HSAN type 3 is also called familial dysautonomia and has autosomal recessive inheritance. Patients present with prominent, widespread autonomic disturbances, as well as small-fiber sensory dysfunction. HSAN type 4 is also called congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and has autosomal recessive inheritance. HSAN type 5 strongly resembles HSAN type 4, but patients show hypohidrosis instead of anhidrosis and do not have intellectual disability.

An interpretive report will be provided.

All detected variants are evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations.(1) Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance.

Clinical Correlations:

Test results should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings, family history, and other laboratory data. Misinterpretation of results may occur if the information provided is inaccurate or incomplete.

If testing was performed because of a clinically significant family history, it is often useful to first test an affected family member. Detection of a reportable variant in an affected family member would allow for more informative testing of at-risk individuals.

To discuss the availability of additional testing options or for assistance in the interpretation of these results, contact the Mayo Clinic Laboratories genetic counselors at 800-533-1710.

Technical Limitations:

Next-generation sequencing may not detect all types of genomic variants. In rare cases, false-negative or false-positive results may occur. The depth of coverage may be variable for some target regions; assay performance below the minimum acceptable criteria or for failed regions will be noted. Given these limitations, negative results do not rule out the diagnosis of a genetic disorder. If a specific clinical disorder is suspected, evaluation by alternative methods can be considered.

There may be regions of genes that cannot be effectively evaluated by sequencing or deletion and duplication analysis as a result of technical limitations of the assay, including regions of homology, high guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and repetitive sequences. Confirmation of select reportable variants will be performed by alternate methodologies based on internal laboratory criteria.

This test is validated to detect 95% of deletions up to 75 base pairs (bp) and insertions up to 47 bp. Deletions-insertions (delins) of 40 or more bp, including mobile element insertions, may be less reliably detected than smaller delins.

Deletion/Duplication Analysis:

This analysis targets single and multi-exon deletions/duplications; however, in some instances single exon resolution cannot be achieved due to isolated reduction in sequence coverage or inherent genomic complexity. Balanced structural rearrangements (such as translocations and inversions) may not be detected.

This test is not designed to detect low levels of mosaicism or to differentiate between somatic and germline variants. If there is a possibility that any detected variant is somatic, additional testing may be necessary to clarify the significance of results.

Genes may be added or removed based on updated clinical relevance. For detailed information regarding gene specific performance and technical limitations, see Method Description or contact a laboratory genetic counselor.

If the patient has had an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant or a recent blood transfusion, results may be inaccurate due to the presence of donor DNA. Call Mayo Clinic Laboratories for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.

Reclassification of Variants:

Currently, it is not standard practice for the laboratory to systematically review previously classified variants on a regular basis. The laboratory encourages healthcare providers to contact the laboratory at any time to learn how the classification of a particular variant may have changed over time. Due to broadening genetic knowledge, it is possible that the laboratory may discover new information of relevance to the patient. Should that occur, the laboratory may issue an amended report.

Variant Evaluation:

Evaluation and categorization of variants are performed using published American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology recommendations as a guideline.(1) Other gene-specific guidelines may also be considered. Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance. Variants classified as benign or likely benign are not reported.

Multiple in silico evaluation tools may be used to assist in the interpretation of these results. The accuracy of predictions made by in silico evaluation tools is highly dependent upon the data available for a given gene, and periodic updates to these tools may cause predictions to change over time. Results from in silico evaluation tools should be interpreted with caution and professional clinical judgment.

Rarely, incidental or secondary findings may implicate another predisposition or presence of active disease. These findings will be carefully reviewed to determine whether they will be reported.

1. Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17(5):405-424

2. Schwartzlow C, Kazamel M. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies: Adding more to the classification. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19(8):52

3. Rotthier A, Baets J, Timmerman V, Janssens K. Mechanisms of disease in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(2):73-85

4. Klein CJ. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and other hereditary neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2020;26(5):1224-1256

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and/or Sanger sequencing are performed to test for the presence of variants in coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the genes analyzed, as well as some other regions that have known disease-causing variants. The human genome reference GRCh37/hg19 build was used for sequence read alignment. At least 99% of the bases are covered at a read depth over 30X. Sensitivity is estimated at above 99% for single nucleotide variants, above 94% for deletion-insertions (delins) less than 40 base pairs (bp), above 95% for deletions up to 75 bp and insertions up to 47 bp. NGS and/or a polymerase chain reaction-based quantitative method is performed to test for the presence of deletions and duplications in the genes analyzed.

There may be regions of genes that cannot be effectively evaluated by sequencing or deletion and duplication analysis as a result of technical limitations of the assay, including regions of homology, high guanine-cytosine (GC) content, and repetitive sequences. See Targeted Genes and Methodology Details for the Inherited Sensory Neuropathy Gene Panel for details regarding the targeted genes analyzed for each test and specific gene regions not routinely covered.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Confirmation of select reportable variants may be performed by alternate methodologies based on internal laboratory criteria.

Genes analyzed: AIFM1, ATL1, ATL3, CLCF1, CLTCL1, COX20, CRLF1, DNMT1, DST, ELP1, GLA, KIF1A, NGF, NTRK1, PRDM12, PRKCG, RETREG1, SCN10A, SCN11A, SCN9A, SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and WNK1

Varies

• Authorized users can sign in to Test Prices for detailed fee information.
• Clients without access to Test Prices can contact Customer Service 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
• Prospective clients should contact their account representative. For assistance, contact Customer Service.

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

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